As demonstrated in, since the EV batteries are charged from the power grid (independently of the on-board or off-board technology), power quality is an imperative feature for assuring the grid stability. The relevance of the EV for this purpose is carefully addressed and evaluated in in terms of power electronics and control methodologies for the grid-side. Within the scope of this paper, the final application is for EVs using batteries as the energy storage system, where the main advantage is the capacity of the energy storage system and the main drawback is the required charging time. From a global perspective, different options of EVs can be considered distinguished by the energy storage system, as battery EVs (BEVs) or fuel cell EVs (FCEVs), and by the external interface for the charging process, as plug-in EVs (PHEV). The electric vehicle (EV) is considered as the central element to support electric mobility in smart grids, serving to help to address major energy concerns. An experimental validation was performed under real operating conditions, employing a developed laboratory prototype. Both converters of the proposed EVBC use discrete-time predictive control algorithms, which are described in the paper. As the proposed EVBC is controlled in bidirectional mode, targeting the EV incorporation into smart grids, the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes are discussed and evaluated. An assessment, for comparison with classical multilevel converters for EVBCs is considered along the paper, illustrating the key benefits of the proposed topology. The grid-side converter operates with five voltage levels, while the battery-side operates with three voltage levels. Characteristically, the proposed EVBC operates with sinusoidal grid-side current, unitary power factor, controlled battery-side current or voltage, and controlled DC-link voltages. Both converters are interfaced by a split DC-link used to achieve distinct voltage levels in both converters. The proposed topology is formed by an AC-DC converter for the grid-side interface and by a DC-DC converter for the battery-side interface. This paper proposes a novel on-board electric vehicle (EV) battery charger (EVBC) based on a bidirectional multilevel topology.
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